// Mouth interior from image content.
//
// MediaPipe has no landmarks inside the lips - the inner ring bounds the cavity
// and everything within it is just pixels. So teeth have to come from the
// picture, and the question is how to do that without reintroducing the boil
// that per-frame detection causes.
//
// The answer is to extract a SCALAR, not a shape. Tracing the bright blob would
// give a new contour every frame with no vertex correspondence - exactly the
// failure docs/roto-puppet.md warns about. Instead the teeth polygon is the
// inner lip ring clipped to a horizontal line, and only that line's height is
// measured. The silhouette is therefore always the mouth's own shape (stable by
// construction) and the only thing that varies per frame is one number, which
// smooths trivially. It is also how the shape is drawn by hand: a band bounded
// by the lip.

// Otsu's threshold over a luminance histogram. Self-tuning, so exposure changes
// between frames do not shift what counts as "bright".
export function otsuForTest(h, t) { return otsu(h, t); }

function otsu(hist, total) {
  let sum = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) sum += i * hist[i];
  let sumB = 0, wB = 0, best = 0, bestVar = -1, bestMB = 0, bestMF = 0;
  for (let t = 0; t < 256; t++) {
    wB += hist[t];
    if (!wB) continue;
    const wF = total - wB;
    if (!wF) break;
    sumB += t * hist[t];
    const mB = sumB / wB, mF = (sum - sumB) / wF;   // mB = dark class, mF = bright
    const between = wB * wF * (mB - mF) * (mB - mF);
    if (between > bestVar) { bestVar = between; best = t; bestMB = mB; bestMF = mF; }
  }
  return { thr: best, mDark: bestMB, mBright: bestMF };
}

const pointInPoly = (pts, x, y) => {
  let inside = false;
  for (let i = 0, j = pts.length - 1; i < pts.length; j = i++) {
    if ((pts[i].y > y) !== (pts[j].y > y) &&
        x < ((pts[j].x - pts[i].x) * (y - pts[i].y)) / (pts[j].y - pts[i].y) + pts[i].x) inside = !inside;
  }
  return inside;
};

// Shrink a ring toward its centroid.
//
// MediaPipe's inner lip landmarks sit slightly OUTSIDE the actual opening, so
// sampling the ring as given includes lip pixels - which are bright, and sit
// right at the cavity boundary where they do the most damage.
function erode(pts, k) {
  let cx = 0, cy = 0;
  for (const p of pts) { cx += p.x; cy += p.y; }
  cx /= pts.length; cy /= pts.length;
  return pts.map((p) => ({ x: cx + (p.x - cx) * (1 - k), y: cy + (p.y - cy) * (1 - k) }));
}

// Measure one frame: how far down the cavity the bright region reaches, as a
// fraction of cavity height, plus the contrast that justified calling it bright.
//
// `wantDebug` returns the sampled crop with the classification drawn on it.
// Tuning this blind is miserable; the numbers alone do not say whether the
// region being measured is even the right region.
export function measureInterior(img, innerNorm, ctx, opts = {}, wantDebug = false) {
  const minContrast = opts.minContrast ?? 0.14;
  const rowFrac = opts.rowFrac ?? 0.4;
  const inner = erode(innerNorm, opts.erode ?? 0.18);

  const none = { teethT: 0, contrast: 0, coverage: 0, debug: null };
  let x0 = 1, y0 = 1, x1 = 0, y1 = 0;
  for (const p of inner) {
    x0 = Math.min(x0, p.x); y0 = Math.min(y0, p.y);
    x1 = Math.max(x1, p.x); y1 = Math.max(y1, p.y);
  }
  const W = img.naturalWidth, H = img.naturalHeight;
  const px0 = Math.max(0, Math.floor(x0 * W)), py0 = Math.max(0, Math.floor(y0 * H));
  const pw = Math.min(W - px0, Math.ceil((x1 - x0) * W)), ph = Math.min(H - py0, Math.ceil((y1 - y0) * H));
  if (pw < 4 || ph < 4) return none;

  ctx.canvas.width = pw; ctx.canvas.height = ph;
  ctx.drawImage(img, px0, py0, pw, ph, 0, 0, pw, ph);
  const img0 = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, pw, ph);
  const data = img0.data;

  const poly = inner.map((p) => ({ x: p.x * W - px0, y: p.y * H - py0 }));
  const hist = new Uint32Array(256);
  const lum = new Float32Array(pw * ph);
  const mask = new Uint8Array(pw * ph);
  let n = 0;
  for (let y = 0; y < ph; y++) {
    for (let x = 0; x < pw; x++) {
      if (!pointInPoly(poly, x + 0.5, y + 0.5)) continue;
      const o = (y * pw + x) * 4;
      const l = (0.299 * data[o] + 0.587 * data[o + 1] + 0.114 * data[o + 2]) | 0;
      const i = y * pw + x;
      lum[i] = l; mask[i] = 1; hist[l]++; n++;
    }
  }
  if (n < 16) return none;

  const { thr, mDark, mBright } = otsu(hist, n);

  // Otsu ALWAYS returns a split, including on a homogeneous region: given a dark
  // cavity with no teeth it invents a threshold and calls half the pixels
  // bright. The separation between the two class means is what says whether the
  // split means anything, so it is the actual gate.
  const contrast = (mBright - mDark) / 255;
  if (contrast < minContrast) {
    return { teethT: 0, contrast, coverage: 0, debug: wantDebug ? debugCanvas(img0, mask, lum, thr, pw, ph, -1) : null };
  }

  // Scan from the top and STOP at the first row that fails. Teeth hang from the
  // upper lip, so what matters is the contiguous run, not whether some row near
  // the bottom happens to qualify - tracking the latter is what made the band
  // fill the whole mouth.
  let lastRow = -1, started = false, bright = 0;
  for (let y = 0; y < ph; y++) {
    let rowIn = 0, rowBright = 0;
    for (let x = 0; x < pw; x++) {
      const i = y * pw + x;
      if (!mask[i]) continue;
      rowIn++;
      if (lum[i] > thr) { rowBright++; bright++; }
    }
    if (rowIn < 2) continue;
    const ok = rowBright / rowIn > rowFrac;
    if (ok) { started = true; lastRow = y; }
    else if (started) break;
  }

  return {
    teethT: lastRow < 0 ? 0 : (lastRow + 1) / ph,
    contrast,
    coverage: bright / n,
    debug: wantDebug ? debugCanvas(img0, mask, lum, thr, pw, ph, lastRow) : null,
  };
}

// The sampled crop with the classification painted on: sampled region tinted,
// pixels above threshold in green, the resolved teeth line in amber.
function debugCanvas(img0, mask, lum, thr, pw, ph, lastRow) {
  const c = document.createElement('canvas');
  c.width = pw; c.height = ph;
  const g = c.getContext('2d');
  const out = new ImageData(pw, ph);
  for (let i = 0; i < pw * ph; i++) {
    const o = i * 4;
    const [r, gr, b] = [img0.data[o], img0.data[o + 1], img0.data[o + 2]];
    if (!mask[i]) { out.data[o] = r * 0.3; out.data[o + 1] = gr * 0.3; out.data[o + 2] = b * 0.3; }
    else if (lum[i] > thr) { out.data[o] = 60; out.data[o + 1] = 230; out.data[o + 2] = 120; }
    else { out.data[o] = r; out.data[o + 1] = gr; out.data[o + 2] = b; }
    out.data[o + 3] = 255;
  }
  g.putImageData(out, 0, 0);
  if (lastRow >= 0) {
    g.fillStyle = '#fbbf24';
    g.fillRect(0, lastRow, pw, 1);
  }
  return c;
}

// Sutherland-Hodgman against the half-plane y <= limit.
export function clipPolyAbove(pts, limit) {
  const out = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
    const a = pts[i], b = pts[(i + 1) % pts.length];
    const ain = a.y <= limit, bin = b.y <= limit;
    if (ain) out.push(a);
    if (ain !== bin) {
      const t = (limit - a.y) / (b.y - a.y);
      out.push({ x: a.x + t * (b.x - a.x), y: limit });
    }
  }
  return out;
}